The presence of three American ISPs on the list is also consistent with the U.S. Three out of the 10 ISPs are based in Germany, which is the top Tor node source country.
The rest of the top 10 are listed below, along with their country of operation:
Figure 2: Top 10 ISPs of the Tor nodesįrench provider OVH topped the list with 719 IP addresses, while German company Hetzner ranked second with 538. Figure 2 shows the distribution of Tor nodes among the top 10 ISPs. The top 10 of them accounted for 37% of the sample. The Tor nodes were distributed across 1,376 ISPs. Figure 1: Top IP geolocation source countries of the Tor nodes ISPs Commonly Used by the Tor Nodes The rest of the countries accounted for 1% or less of the sample. While Russia (RU), Sweden (SE), Finland (FI), Switzerland (CH), Austria (AT), and Lithuania (LT) combined accounted for 2% of the total number of Tor nodes. Together, these five countries accounted for more than half of the Tor nodes’ locations. (US) followed with a 16% share, trailed by France (FR) with 8%, the Netherlands (NL) with 6%, and Canada (CA) with 4%. For our sample, we found that Germany (DE) topped the list of source countries with a 21% share (see Figure 1). IP Geolocation Database allowed us to determine the locations of the Tor nodes’ IP addresses. Are the Tor node users also located in the source countries?.Are their ISPs’ locations consistent with their source countries?.What are the Tor nodes’ top source countries?.Aside from the nodes’ IP geolocation, we also looked at the node users’ locations to answer these questions: In particular, we looked at the nodes’ source countries and checked if they were consistent with the top Internet service providers (ISPs). We then used an IP geolocation database to gain more insights into the Tor nodes. While the site contains different lists for entry, router, and exit nodes, we selected the entire Tor list for this study. So we downloaded a list of Tor nodes from dan.me.uk containing 7,850 IP addresses as of 16 October 2020. While not much can be said about end-users in this context, we were curious to comprehend the infrastructure associated with the Tor network. Besides traffic encryption, an additional feature that gives Tor users anonymity is that their network traffic passes through several nodes, making the real source unidentifiable. The Tor Project has been synonymous with the Deep Web, as it is a primary method by which users can access hidden portions of the Internet.
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